"Built from scratch": designing and developing new cities in Transbaikalia in the 1950s–1980s
Abstract and keywords
Abstract:
The article examines the design features of new towns in Transbaikalia in the second half of the 20th century. Based on archives, the article describes the main stages and features of the developing design and planning process for different types of towns and identifies the causes and consequences of delays in the preparation of master plans and detailed planning projects. In conclusion, the authors claim that urban master plans did not become the design basis for actual construction in new settlements in Transbaikalia during the review period. The gap between urban planning theory and practice had a cumulative effect and negatively influenced on the development of regional settlements during the Soviet period and at the present stage.

Keywords:
Transbaikalia, new cities and towns, urban planning, master plan, departmentalism, late socialism
Text
Text (RU) (PDF): Read Download
References

1. Antipin K., Kiselnikova D. Designing the BAM settlement system in the 1970s. Project Baikal. 2025. Vol. 22, No. 84. P. 112–118. https://doi.org/10.51461/ISSN.2309-3072/84.2558 (In Russ.) EDN: https://elibrary.ru/EITOEB

2. Baikalov N. S. Unfinished cities of the BAM. Soviet departmentalism in the formation of settlements in the mainline zone. In: Soviet Departmentalism: Collective Monograph. Ed. by I. N. Stas. Moscow: Novoe Literaturnoe Obozrenie, 2025. P. 355–408. (In Russ.)

3. Baikalov N. S. Planning of settlements in the BAM construction zone. In: Western Section of BAM: The Past, the Present and the Future: Essays on History, Geography, Culture. Ed. by Yu. A. Zulyar. Irkutsk: Irkutsk State University Publ., 2023. P. 234–249. https://doi.org/10.26516/978-5-9624-2151-3.2023.1-367 (In Russ.)

4. Bakanova S. A., Nikitina L. V. City in the Mirror of the Master Plan: Panorama of Urban Development Projects in the Russian Provinces of the 18th – Early 21st Centuries. Chelyabinsk: Chelyabinsk State Pedagogical University Publ., 2008. 374 p. (In Russ.)

5. Baldandorzhiev Zh. B. Small Towns: Typology and Classification in the Context of Cultural Heritage (on the Example of Small Towns of Eastern Transbaikalia): Dissertation ... Candidate of Cultural Studies: 24.00.01. Chita, 2011. 179 p. (In Russ.) EDN: https://elibrary.ru/QFPRAL

6. Baldandorzhiev Zh. B. Small towns: typology and classification in the context of cultural heritage (on the example of towns of Eastern Transbaikalia). Humanitarian Vector. 2011. No. 3 (27). P. 112–119. (In Russ.) EDN: https://elibrary.ru/OCSDED

7. Batueva M. S. Our Town. Zakamensk: Znamya Truda, 2004. 258 p. (In Russ.)

8. Belash T. A., Kuznetsov A. V., Martirov V. B. The contribution of architects and civil engineers of the Petersburg Transport University to the formation of the transport and urban infrastructure of BAM. Proceedings of Petersburg Transport University. 2024. Issue 2. P. 311–323. https://doi.org/10.20295/1815-588X-2024-02-311-323 (In Russ.) EDN: https://elibrary.ru/WYLHWD

9. Borzya – a Town in Transbaikalia / G. Belomestnov, V. Ilyin, L. Velts et al. Chita: Express Publ., 2013. 57 p. (In Russ.)

10. Breslavsky A. S. Dynamics of urbanization processes in Zabaikalsky Krai (1989–2019). Humanitarian Vector. 2020. Vol. 15, No. 6. P. 44–53. https://doi.org/10.21209/1996-7853-2020-15-6-44-53 (In Russ.) EDN: https://elibrary.ru/VLTAXR

11. Breslavsky A. S. The results of Soviet urbanization of Chita Oblast: structure, population and functional significance of urban settlements. History Magazine – Researches. 2020. No. 5. P. 157–167. https://doi.org/10.7256/2454-0609.2020.5.34014 (In Russ.) EDN: https://elibrary.ru/ZKKMFI

12. Breslavsky A. S. From Expansion to Rationalization: Urban and Suburban Settlement in the East of Russia in the Late 1980s – Early 2020s. Moscow: Center for Humanitarian Initiatives, 2025. 416 p. (In Russ.)

13. Budko V. V. Features of the Urbanization Process in the Chita Region: Dissertation ... Candidate of Geographical Sciences. Ulan-Ude, 2005. 166 p. (In Russ.) EDN: https://elibrary.ru/JYTUSC

14. Howard E. Cities of the Future. Trans. by A. Yu. Blokh. St. Petersburg, 1911. 177 p. (In Russ.)

15. City with a Warm Heart. Living History / B. Aslezov, Yu. Vasin, V. Zenchenko et al. Krasnokamensk: Administration of the Urban Settlement “City of Krasnokamensk”, 2019. 304 p. (In Russ.)

16. Ensh A. K. Garden Cities: (Cities of the Future). St. Petersburg: Printing House of the St. Petersburg City Administration, 1910. 49 p. (In Russ.)

17. Zheblienok N. N., Malinina S. V. Some aspects of the development of the concept of the “new city” in the theory of Russian urban planning. Academia. Architecture and Construction. 2022. No. 3. P. 132–141. https://doi.org/10.22337/2077-9038-2022-3-132-141 (In Russ.) EDN: https://elibrary.ru/KSKHBT

18. Kostyurina N. Yu. The New City as a Model of Soviet Culture: Dissertation ... Doctor of Cultural Studies: 24.00.01. St. Petersburg, 2006. 375 p. (In Russ.) EDN: https://elibrary.ru/NOJTVX

19. Kutsev G. F. New Cities: A Sociological Essay Based on Materials from Siberia. Moscow: Mysl, 1982. 269 p. (In Russ.) EDN: https://elibrary.ru/SXSGBN

20. Lappo G. M. Cities of Russia. A Geographer’s View. Moscow: Novyi Khronograf, 2012. 503 p. (In Russ.) EDN: https://elibrary.ru/QKLEZX

21. Meerovich M. G. Urban Development Policy in the USSR, 1917–1929: From a Garden City to a Departmental Workers’ Settlement. Moscow: Novoe Literaturnoe Obozrenie, 2017. 346 p. (In Russ.) EDN: https://elibrary.ru/YRAMRJ

22. On the transformation of the workers’ settlement of Baley, Baleysky District, Chita Oblast, into a city: Resolution of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee of February 15, 1938. Electronic Library of Historical Documents. Available at: https://docs.historyrussia.org/ru/nodes/393392 (accessed 27.09.2024). (In Russ.)

23. On the transformation of the workers’ settlement of Severobaikalsk, Severobaikalsky District, Buryat ASSR, into a city of republican subordination: Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR of November 5, 1980. Pravda Buryatii. 1980. November 8. P. 3. (In Russ.)

24. Pentsev E. A. City Master Plan. Yekaterinburg: Ural University Publ., 2016. 60 p. (In Russ.)

25. The First Stage of Construction of a New City: Collection of Scientific Papers. Ed. by I. M. Smolyar. Moscow: TsNIIPgradostroitelstva, 1978. 83 p. (In Russ.)

26. Pertsik E. N. Cities of the World: Geography of World Urbanization. Moscow: Mezhdunarodnye Otnosheniya, 1999. 384 p. (In Russ.) EDN: https://elibrary.ru/VWVUCX

27. Poberezhnikov I. V. Frontier modernization in contemporary Russian historiography. In: Industrial Ural. Bakunin Readings: Proceedings of the XIV All-Russian Scientific Conference. Vol. 1. Yekaterinburg: UMC UPI Publ., 2020. P. 30–38. (In Russ.) EDN: https://elibrary.ru/SJHXLM

28. Life of BAM. Ed. by O. A. Porovoznyuk, I. V. Krylov. Vienna: Institute of Cultural and Social Anthropology, University of Vienna, 2020. 76 p. (In Russ.)

29. Roy R. O. General plans of new cities in the 1960s–1980s. Siberian Law Herald. 2024. No. 1. P. 25–32. https://doi.org/10.26516/2071-8136.2024.1.25 (In Russ.) EDN: https://elibrary.ru/DAYWHJ

30. Roy R. O. Legal nature of the city master plan. MCU Journal of Legal Sciences. 2024. No. 1 (53). P. 89–100. https://doi.org/10.25688/2076-9113.2024.53.1.09 (In Russ.) EDN: https://elibrary.ru/SZVCYD

31. Savenkova V. N. On the concept of the “socialist city”. In: Innovation in the Modern World: Experience, Problems and Prospects of Development: Proceedings of the XII International Scientific and Practical Conference. Part 2. Ufa: NITs Vestnik Nauki Publ., 2023. P. 275–288. (In Russ.)

32. Salakhova L. M. Culture of Young Industrial Cities of Eastern Siberia in the Mid-1950s – 1980s: The Experience of the Bratsk-Ust-Ilimsk TPC. Bratsk: Bratsk State University, 2005. 222 p. (In Russ.)

33. Stas I. N. Becoming a City Dweller: Urbanization and Population in the Oil Region (1960s – Early 1990s). Kurgan: Kurgan Printing House, 2018. 167 p. (In Russ.) EDN: https://elibrary.ru/VYKWUE

34. Construction of New Cities in the USSR / comp. O. Smirnova, M. Hauke, V. Shkvarikov. Moscow: Stroyizdat, 1964. 35 p. (In Russ.)

35. Trube L. L., Khorev B. S. New Cities on the Map of the Motherland. Moscow: Znanie, 1970. 48 p. (In Russ.)

36. Khaptaev R. E. On the history of the city of Severobaikalsk. In: Problems of History and Cultural-National Construction in the Republic of Buryatia. Ulan-Ude: BSC SB RAS Publ., 1998. P. 86–91. (In Russ.)

37. Tsykunov G. A. Angara-Yenisei TPC: Problems and Experience (Historical Aspect). Irkutsk, 1991. 250 p. (In Russ.)

38. Chernova Yu. V. New Cities of Irkutsk Oblast (1950–1980): Dissertation ... Candidate of Historical Sciences. Irkutsk, 2002. 256 p. (In Russ.)

39. The Era of Socialist Reconstruction: Ideas, Myths and Programs of Social Transformations. Ed. by L. N. Mazur. Yekaterinburg: Ural University Publ., 2017. 752 p. (In Russ.)

Login or Create
* Forgot password?