Influence of minilateral security cooperative formats on international affairs in East Asia
Abstract and keywords
Abstract:
After the Second World War Pacific Asia didn’t demonstrate stable collective security organization, like NATO in Europe. Despite of polarization of the regional international relations system, there are still a few chances to form effective multilateral block here. The USA are focused on containing China and thus tend to shape flexible minilateral cooperative formats, where common values and interests are also were elaborated. Nevertheless, all Washington’s partners prefer to act under their own specific logic. The present article sets goal to assess effectiveness of the existing mechanisms with the acute accent on Japan’s and South Korea’s interests as the major U.S. allies in the Pacific. The practical interest also lays in examining the ability to have systemic affection on international relations in East Asia, which was uncovered by completing research’s tasks. Author concludes that the USA would inevitably continue implementing strategy based on flexible minilateral security cooperation schemes aimed to prevent any centralized power within the Indo-Pacific. Nevertheless, Washington seems to avoid from direct military clash with its potential rival (China, Russia, DPRK), intensively engaging allies’ capacity and resources.

Keywords:
East Asia, regional security, international relations, QUAD, AUKUS
Text
Text (RU) (PDF): Read Download
References

1. "Grand East Asia": world politics and regional transformations: scientific-educational complex. Ed. by A.D. Voskresenskiy. Moscow : MGIMO-University, 2010, 444 p. (in Russ.).

2. Ermakov A. A long way to the sea. Devepopment and prospects of the AUKUS pact. // Russia’s International Affairs Council. 27.04.2023. Available at: https://russiancouncil.ru/analytics-and-comments/analytics/dolgaya-doroga-v-more-razvitie-i-perspektivy-soyuza-aukus/?sphrase_id=105746391 (assessed 10.07.2023) (in Russ.).

3. ARRC commentary: during his Vietnam visit Yoon Suk Yeol tried to play an ‘anti-Chinese’ card // AsiaRisk Research Center. 20.07.2023. URL: https://asiarisk.org/novosti/322-kommentarij-arrc-v-khode-vizita-vo-vetnam-yun-sok-jol-popytalsya-razygrat-antikitajskuyu-kartu (accessed 25.07.2023) (in Russ.).

4. Kulemyakin D. Lavrov: The West tries to use AUKUS for promoting NATO’s interests // Rossiyskaya Gazeta. 05.08.2022. URL: https://rg.ru/2022/08/05/lavrov-zapad-pytaetsia-ispolzovat-aukus-dlia-prodvizheniia-interesov-nato.html (accessed 18.06.2023) (in Russ.).

5. Ashley R. Japan’s revolution on Taiwan affairs // War on the Rocks. 23.11.2021. URL: https:// warontherocks.com/2021/11/japans-revolution-on-taiwan-affairs (accessed 15.07.2023).

6. Auslin M. Why Japan belongs to AUKUS // Foreign Affairs. 28.12.2022. URL: https://www.foreignaffairs.com/japan/why-japan-belongs-aukus (accessed 10.07.2023).

7. Auslin M. Why Japan should join AUKUS // Foreign Policy. 15.11.2022. URL: https://foreignpolicy.com/2022/11/15/japan-aukus-jaukus-security-defense-pact-alliance-china-containment-geopolitics-strategy-indo-pacific (accessed 10.07.2023).

8. Bell C.L., Collinson E. Australia-China relations: the outlook for 2023 // The Diplomat. 22.12.2022. URL: https://thediplomat.com/2022/12/australia-china-relations-the-outlook-for-2023 (accessed 18.07.2023).

9. China power projection capabilities in the South China Sea // Asia Maritime Transparency Initiative. Center for Strategic and International Studies. URL: https://amti.csis.org/chinese-power-projection (accessed 05.06.2023).

10. Deepak B.R. India rethinks ties with China // East Asia Forum. 12.09.2022. URL: https://www. eastasiaforum.org/2022/09/12/india-rethinks-ties-with-china (accessed 20.07.2023).

11. Ex-Japan PM Abe calls for Tokyo’s cooperation with AUKUS in AI, cyber // Reuters. 19.11.2021. URL: https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/ex-japan-pm-abe-calls-tokyos-cooperation-with-aukusai-cyber-2021-11-19 (assessed:18.06.2023).

12. Hanada R. Fighting to fund Japan’s historic defence budget increase // East Asia Forum. 17.05.2023. URL: https://www.eastasiaforum.org/2023/05/17/fighting-to-fund-japans-historic-defencebudget-increase (accessed 28.06.2023).

13. Hurst D. Beijing says don’t ‘hype up the so-called China threat narrative’ after Australian criticism // The Guardian. 24.04.2023. URL: https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2023/apr/24/beijingsays-dont-hype-up-the-so-called-china-threat-narrative-after-australian-criticism (accessed 11.06.2023)

14. Imao R. Kishida’s approval rating roughly flat at 40% // Nikkei Asia. 31.07.2023. URL: https:// asia.nikkei.com/Politics/Kishida-s-approval-rating-roughly-flat-at-40 (accessed 15.06.2023).

15. Inoue M. Japan’s stance on the Taiwan Strait // East Asia Forum Quarterly. Vol. 14 No.3. July-September 2022. Pp. 15-17.

16. Japan’s effort for a "Free and open Indo-Pacific" // Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan. URL: https://www.mofa.go.jp/files/100056243.pdf (accessed 25.07.2023).

17. Matsuyama N. Japan eyes network of 50 satellites to track enemy missiles // The Asahi Shimbun. 15.11.2022. URL: https://www.asahi.com/ajw/articles/14759571 (accessed 18.06.2022).

18. National Defence: Defence Strategic Review 2023 // Australian Government. Public Report. 2023. URL: https://www.defence.gov.au/about/reviews-inquiries/defence-strategic-review (accessed 20.07.2023).

19. Ollapally, D. M. India goes its own way on global geopolitics // East Asia Forum. 22.09.2022. URL: https://www.eastasiaforum.org/2022/09/22/india-goes-its-own-way-on-global-geopolitics (accessed 10.07.2023).

20. Panda J.P. The QUAD Plus and India’s pointed alignment strategy // QUAD Plus and Indo-Pacific: the changing profile of International Relations. Ed. by J.P. Panda, E. Gunasekara-Rockwell. London : Routledge, 2021. 312 p. Pp. 41-74. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003206408

21. Panda J. Will India and China escape the Thucydides’ trap? // The Diplomat. 12.09.2022. URL: https://thediplomat.com/2022/09/will-india-and-china-escape-the-thucydides-trap (accessed 10.07.2023).

22. Policy speech by Prime Minister Kishida Fumio (New plan for a "Free and open Indo-Pacific") // Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan. 20.03.2023. URL: https://www.mofa.go.jp/fp/pc/page1e_000586.html (accessed 10.07.2023).

23. Policy speech by Prime Minister Kishida Fumio at the Johns Hopkins University School of advanced international studies // Prime Minister’s Office of Japan. 13.01.2023. URL: https://japan.kantei.go. jp/101_kishida/ statement/202301/_00005.html (accessed 10.07.2023).

24. Remarks by President Biden, Prime Minister Morrison of Australia, and Prime Minister Johnson of the United Kingdom announcing the creation of AUKUS // The White House. 15.09.2021. URL: https:// www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/speeches-remarks/2021/09/15/remarks-by-president-biden-primeminister-morrison-of-australia-and-prime-minister-johnson-of-the-united-kingdom-announcing-the-creation-of-aukus (accessed 20.07.2023).

25. Richey M., Reiterer M. Answering the bell – Japan’s Indo-Pacific leadership aspirations // East Asia Forum. 02.08.2022. URL: https://www.eastasiaforum.org/2022/08/02/answering-the-bell-japans-indo-pacific-leadership-aspirations (accessed 10.07.2023).

26. Sahu A. Australia and the new Indo-Pacific security architecture // East Asia Forum. 23.06.2023. URL: https://www.eastasiaforum.org/2023/06/23/australia-and-the-new-indo-pacific-security-architecture (accessed 10.07.2023).

27. Seliger B. South Korea picks its squad in Northeast Asia // East Asia Forum. 06.05.2023. URL: https://www.eastasiaforum.org/2023/05/06/south-korea-picks-its-squad-in-northeast-asia (accessed 20.07.2023).

28. Sposato W. Taro Aso’s Taiwan slip was likely deliberate // Foreign Policy. 12.07.2021. –. URL: https://foreignpolicy.com/2021/07/12/taro-aso-taiwan-japan-china-policy (accessed 25.07.2023).

29. Strategy for a free, peaceful, and prosperous Indo-Pacific region // Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Korea. 28.12.2022. URL: https://overseas.mofa.go.kr/eng/brd/m_5676/view. do?seq=322133 (accessed 10.07.2023).

30. Unpacking Solomon Islands’ security pact with China // Australia National University. – 06.05.2022. URL: https://www.anu.edu.au/news/all-news/unpacking-solomon-islands%E2%80%99-security-pact-with-china (accessed 20.07.2023).

31. Walt, S. Alliance formation and the balance of world power // International Security. 1985. Vol. 9, No 4, Spring. Pp. 3-43.

32. Walton D., Akimoto D. What’s new in Australia and Japan’s updated Joint declaration of security cooperation? // The Diplomat. 25.10.2022. URL: https://thediplomat.com/2022/10/whats-new-in-australia-and-japans-updated-joint-declaration-of-security-cooperation (accessed 25.07.2023).

33. Washington and Tokyo deny Japan invited to join AUKUS security pact // The Japan Times. 14.04.2022. URL: https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2022/04/14/national/japan-aukus-join-denial (assessed:18.06.2023).

34. Yoon S. South Korea’s Indo-Pacific strategy: some takeaways // Institute for China-America Studies. 31.12.2022. URL: https://chinaus-icas.org/research/south-koreas-indo-pacific-strategy-some-takeaways (accessed 25.07.2023).

Login or Create
* Forgot password?