Russian Federation
he relevance of the study is driven by the increasing turbulence of the global environment, which manifests itself in sanctions pressure and other structural shocks that significantly impact regional resilience. Despite a scientific groundwork of research on theoretical approaches to the concept of resilience and its assessment at the regional level, studies aimed at systematizing its factors remain fragmented. The paper proposes an author's approach to the classification of regional resilience factors. The scientific novelty is in the development of an original classification based on four key criteria and groups of the factors: the factor's belonging to a regional sphere (production-economic, institutional-managerial, innovative-technological, infrastructure-spatial, natural-ecological, socio-demographic, financial-investment), its level of impact (macro-, meso-, micro-), its origin (endogenous, exogenous), and the nature of its influence (direct/indirect). The proposed classification is supplemented by examples of specific indicators, which allows it to be used as an ana- lytical tool and a basis for developing methodological approaches to assessing the level of regional resilience.
resilience, regional resilience, resilience factors, classification of factors
1. Aganbegyan A. G. Russia: from stagnation to sustainable socio-economic growth. Scien-tific works of the Free Economic Society of Russia.2022; 237 (5): 310–362. DOI:https://doi.org/10.38197/2072-2060-2022-237-5-310-362 EDN: https://elibrary.ru/SLPFNB
2. Akberdina V. V. Systemic sustainability of the industry of industrial regions to the conditions of sanctions pressure: assessment and prospects. Journal of New Economy. 2022; 23 (4): 26–45. DOI:https://doi.org/10.29141/2658-5081-2022-23-4-2 EDN: https://elibrary.ru/JNACYT
3. Walker J., Cooper M. Genealogies of resilience: From systems ecology to the political economy of crisis adaptation. Security Dialogue. 2011; 42 (2): 143–160. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1177/0967010611399616
4. Smorodinskaya N. V., Katukov D. D. Resilience of economic systems in the era of globalization and sudden shocks. Bulletin of the Institute of Economics of the Russian Academy of Sciences. 2021; (5): 93–115. DOI:https://doi.org/10.52180/2073-6487_2021_5_93_115 EDN: https://elibrary.ru/WSQHUZ
5. Ionova I. G., Fedoseeva S. S., Balandin D. A. Resilience of single-industry territories in the context of modern economic uncertainty. Bulletin of the Altai Academy of Economics and Law. 2022; (6-1): 73–81. DOI: https://doi.org/10.17513/vaael.2248; EDN: https://elibrary.ru/EGOHXK
6. Malkina M. Yu. Stress of real incomes in Russian regions during the pandemic and sanctions. Spatial economics. 2023; 19(4): 58–83. DOI:https://doi.org/10.14530/se.2023.4.058-083 EDN: https://elibrary.ru/DQEEXR
7. Zemtsov S. P., Voloshinskaya A. A. Resilience to shocks of the economies of Russian re-gions under sanctions. Journal of the New Economic Association. 2024; 3 (64): 54–83. DOI:https://doi.org/10.31737/2221-2264_2024_3_54-83 DOI: https://doi.org/10.31737/22212264_2024_3_54-83; EDN: https://elibrary.ru/RXIDCD
8. Morkūnas M., Volkov A., Pazienza P. How resistant is the agricultural sector? Economic resilience exploited. Economics and Sociology. 2018; 11 (3): 321–332. DOI:https://doi.org/10.14254/2071-789X.2018/11-3/19
9. Resilience of socio-ecological and energy systems: Intelligent information technologies for risk assessment of natural and technogenic threats / L. Massel, N. Komendantova, A. Massel [et al.]. Journal of Infrastructure, Policy and Development. 2024; 8 (7): e4700. DOI:https://doi.org/10.24294/jipd.v8i7.4700 EDN: https://elibrary.ru/DONUKN
10. Building community resilience in a context of climate change: The role of social capital / E. Carmen, I. Fazey, H. Ross [et al.]. Ambio. 2022; (51): 1371–1387. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1007/s13280-021-01678-9 EDN: https://elibrary.ru/ACZWJA
11. Kislenok A. A., Burik M. V. Methodology for a comprehensive assessment of the shock resilience of territorial entities. Power and governance in Eastern Russia. 2024; 3 (108): 112–127. DOI:https://doi.org/10.22394/1818-4049-2024-108-3-112-127 EDN: https://elibrary.ru/SFAPPK
12. Voloshinskaya A. A., Maksimov A. N. Problems of forecasting the sustainability of Rus-sian cities in modern conditions. Forecasting problems. 2024; 2 (203): 125–137. DOI:https://doi.org/10.47711/0868-6351-203-125-137 EDN: https://elibrary.ru/RLYYWZ
13. Gainanov D. A., Gataullin R. F., Safiullin R. G. Typologization of Russian regional systems in connection with the processes of economic decarbonization. Economy of the region. 2023; 19 (1): 29–44. DOI:https://doi.org/10.17059/ekon.reg.2023-1-3 EDN: https://elibrary.ru/TAABLJ
14. Economy and climate change: Adaptation strategies and mitigation impact on economic development / T. G. Garbuzova, E. F. Faizova, A. I. Korovkina [et al.]. Modern Economy Success. 2024; (4): 225–230. DOI:https://doi.org/10.58224/2500-3747-2024-4-225-230 EDN: https://elibrary.ru/GVEHXH
15. Danilova I. V., Pravdina N. V., Rezepin A. V. Dynamics of industrial production in the regions: assessment of the resilience of the response to external constraints. Economy Suc-cess. 2024; 20 (3): 608–624. DOI:https://doi.org/10.17059/ekon.reg.2024-3-1 DOI: https://doi.org/10.17059/ekon.reg.2024-3-l; EDN: https://elibrary.ru/JQIQCL
16. Dement'ev V. E. On the ability of regions to adapt to different external shocks. Economic and social changes: facts, trends, forecast. 2024; 17 (3): 36–49. DOI:https://doi.org/10.15838/esc.2024.3.93.2 EDN: https://elibrary.ru/SDWOGK
17. Efremov S. V. Managing the energy transition and ensuring the sustainable state of the Russian economy during this period. Modern science: actual problems of theory and practice. Series: Economics and Law. 2023; (6): 17–22. DOI:https://doi.org/10.37882/2223-2974.2023.06.30 EDN: https://elibrary.ru/UPMKNL
18. Zhironkin S. A., Taran E. A., Aleshina O. G. Resilience of the economy to shocks at the macro and meso levels: typology and conditions. Bulletin of Tomsk State University. Economics. 2023; (61): 225–249. DOI:https://doi.org/10.17223/19988648/61/15 EDN: https://elibrary.ru/WMBJOA
19. Zhikharevich B. S., Klimanov V. V., Maracha V. G. Shock resilience of a territory: concept, measurement, management. Regional studies. 2020; 3 (69): 4–15. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5922/1994-5280-2020-3-1; EDN: https://elibrary.ru/PJCFKB
20. Gamidullaeva L. A. The diversification factor in ensuring regional economic sustainability. Regional economics: theory and practice. 2024; 22 (8 (527)): 1422–1436. DOI:https://doi.org/10.24891/re.22.8.1422 EDN: https://elibrary.ru/LBFBUS
21. Krasil'nikova N. A., Lukovtseva A. S., Savvin E. E. Economic dynamics and ecological-economic sustainability of the Russian Arctic regions. North and the market: shaping economic order. 2024; 27 (3 (85)): 90–106. DOI:https://doi.org/10.37614/2220-802X.3.2024.85.006. EDN: https://elibrary.ru/ECVTPQ
22. Nenasheva M. V., Maksimov A. M. Assessment of the viability of rural communities in the North of Russia (on the example of settlements in the Arkhangelsk region). North and the market: shaping economic order. 2023; 26 (2 (80)): 175–188. DOI:https://doi.org/10.37614/2220-802X.2.2023.80.012 EDN: https://elibrary.ru/AMREFX
23. Resilience of Arctic settlements: modeling experience / I. V. Nikulkina, O. V. Gordyachkova, E. V. Romanova [et al.]. Social development theory and practice. 2023; 11 (187): 176–184. DOI:https://doi.org/10.24158/tipor.2023.11.22 EDN: https://elibrary.ru/KKDYNO
24. The impact of sanctions on the economy of the regions: general and specific / Yu. I. Treshchevskij, A. Yu. Ksobuckaya, L. K. Garin [et al.]. Region: systems, economy, governance. 2022; 3 (58): 36–46. DOI:https://doi.org/10.22394/1997-4469-2022-58-3-36-46 EDN: https://elibrary.ru/EKPPWE
25. Chernova O. A., Mitrofanova I. V., Pleshakova M. V. Structural changes as a factor in increasing the economic resilience of the regions of the Far North. North and the market: shaping economic order. 2024; 27 (1 (83)): 24–38. DOI:https://doi.org/10.37614/2220-802X.1.2024.83.002 EDN: https://elibrary.ru/NVDUKE
26. Yakimova V. A., Khmura S. V. Study of the resilience of ecosystems in the border regions of Russia. Grand Altai Research & Education. 2024; 2 (22): 86–103.
27. Yakovina M. Yu., Korableva A. A. Recession shocks and regional economic resilience. Bulletin of the Siberian Institute of Business and Information Technology. 2020; 3 (35): 117–123. DOI:https://doi.org/10.24411/2225-8264-2020-10056 EDN: https://elibrary.ru/AOAACE
28. Khmeleva G. A., Grishanin M. V., Rakhmanov D. A. Stress resistance of the economy of Russian regions under sanctions. Economic security. 2024; 7 (8): 2067–2084. DOI:https://doi.org/10.18334/ecsec.7.8.121589 EDN: https://elibrary.ru/WMIWQT
29. Babich L. V. Resilience of the economy of the regions of the Northwestern Federal District to external shocks of 2020–2022. Territory development issues. 2024; 28 (4): 65–82. DOI:https://doi.org/10.15838/ptd.2024.4.132.5 EDN: https://elibrary.ru/RXQBUL
30. Terent'eva T. V., Arnaut M. N. Human capital as a factor in the strategic development of the regions of the Russian Federation: analysis of the regulatory framework. Creative economics. 2023; 17 (11): 3997–4014. DOI:https://doi.org/10.18334/ce.17.11.119328 EDN: https://elibrary.ru/UHZIAU
